[2] Unsigned cable from British Intelligence in New York, March 28, 1917, British Archives KV2/502. See also Spence, “Hidden Agendas,” 17, and “Interrupted Journey,” 11, both citing Admiral Hall’s April 29 arrest order crediting Guy Gaunt as the source.
[3] See Document 174400, undated, in British Archives KV2/502.
[4] Document CX 015649, memorandum from C. E. Dansey, “Reference PILENAS,”January 19, 1918, British Archives KV2/502. Pilenas had presented it in a letter to Wiseman that Wiseman produced for his superiors, though it doesn’t show up in the intelligence files themselves.
[5] Cable from London to Halifax, March 29, 1917. Canadian Archives, Trotsky file.
[12] Ibid. The December 1917 arrest was based on changes that the American Red Cross, with Kalpaschnikoff’s involvement, was using its charitable operations as a cover to sneak automobiles and other equipment to General Alexei Kaledin, a Cossack commander opposing the Bolsheviks. Kalpaschnikoff would plead innocence, backed by American Red Cross and diplomatic officials. See also, New York Times, December 28, 1917.
[13] “Col. Kalpatchnikoff Weds,” New York Times, June 5, 1919. Kalpaschnikoff, apparently unknown to Trotsky at the time, had connections to William Wiseman’s British Intelligence circle back in New York City as well as to Russian consulate officials, raising suspicions that Wiseman or the Russians had asked Kalpaschnikoff to keep an eye on Trotsky during the trip.
[16] Letter from Makins to General Officer Commanding, April, 1, 1917, Canadian Archives, Trotsky file. In the rush, Captain Makins listed Chudnovsky as “Tshadnovski” and Melnichansky as “Melniczanskoi.” Later reports would list these names as “Tshoodnooski” and “Melintchansky.”
[19] “Extract from German Papers re Socialists Going to Stockholm,” June 18, 1917, British Archives, KV2/502. See also note to Kendall from Geo Bullock, June 6, 1917, Document 187268, British Archives KV2/502.
[20] Kalpaschnikoff, 223. See also Spence, “Interrupted Journey,” 5. See also Spence, “Hidden Agendas,” 17; Spence, Trust No One, 165; and Service, Trotsky, 159.