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Dissident Cuban Communism
The Case of Trotskyism, 1932-1965
[This page copied with permission from the author]

Gary Andrew TENNANT

Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
Department of European Studies
University of Bradford
1999

CONTENTS





Abstract    [ ESP ] [ FRA ] [ DEU ] [ ITA ]
Acknowledgements iv
Glossary of abbreviations and acronyms vii
Glossary of Spanish terms x
Technical note xii

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Statement of Argument 1
1.2 A Critique of Past Work 5
1.3 Methodology and Structure 18

PART I: THE INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL CONTEXT 24

CHAPTER 2: TROTSKYISM AND OFFICIAL COMMUNISM IN LATIN AMERICA, 1919-1965 25
2.1 The Theory of Permanent Revolution and the Origins of Trotskyism 26
2.2 The Comintern and Stalinism in Latin America, 1919-65 42
2.3 Trotsky and Revolution in Latin America, 1937-40 51
2.4 Trotskyism and Revolution in Latin America, 1927-65 60
2.5 Conclusion 69

CHAPTER 3: NATIONALISM AND SOCIALISM IN CUBA FROM THE 1800s TO 1965 72
3.1 Independence and the Development of the Cuban Political Economy 73
3.1.1 Background to Independence: The Foundations of the Cuban Political Economy 73
3.1.2 Independence, U.S. Domination and the Cuban Bourgeoisie 76
3.1.3 The Formative Years of the Cuban Labour Movement 84
3.2 The Revolution of the 1930s 91
3.2.1 The Revolution of the 1930s and Radical Cuban Nationalism 91
3.2.2 The Cuban Communist Party and the Revolution of the 1930s 101
3.3 Official Communism and Consensual Nationalism in Cuba, 1935-52 113
3.4 Dictatorship and Revolution in Cuba, 1952-65 124
3.4.1 The Batista Regime and the Insurrectionary War 124
3.4.2 The Institutionalisation of the Revolutionary Government 127
3.5 Conclusion 138

PART II: TROTSKYISM IN CUBA 141

CHAPTER 4: THE BIRTH OF DISSIDENT CUBAN COMMUNISM AND THE OPOSICIóN COMUNISTA de CUBA, 1925-1933 142
4.1 Julio Antonio Mella and the Roots of Dissension 143
4.2 The Formation, Composition and Activity of the OCC 161
4.3 The OCC and Revolutionary Strategy: From a Democratic to Permanent Revolution Perspective 177
4.4 Conclusion 192

CHAPTER 5: THE PARTIDO BOLCHEVIQUE LENINISTA AND THE REVOLUTION OF THE 1930s 194
5.1 The Formation, Organisational Growth and Crisis of the PBL, 1933-35 195
5.2 The PBL and Revolutionary Strategy: The Democratic versus Permanent Revolution Perspectives 215
5.2.1 The Founding Programme of the PBL 215
5.2.2 The PBL and Revolutionary Strategy during the Grau San Martín Government, September 1933-January 1934 221
5.2.3 The PBL’s Revolutionary Perspectives, 1934-35 226
5.3 Relations between the PBL and the Official Communists during the Revolution of the 1930s 241
5.4 The PBL and its International Contacts 251
5.5 Conclusion 257

CHAPTER 6: TROTSKYISM IN CUBA BETWEEN REVOLUTIONS: THE PARTIDO BOLCHEVIQUE LENINISTA AND THE PARTIDO OBRERO REVOLUCIONARIO, 1935-1958 264
6.1 Trotskyism in Cuba between Revolutions: Organisational Development and Revolutionary Strategy, 1935-58 265
6.1.1 The PBL, 1935-39: Regrouping and Revolutionary Strategy 265
6.1.2 The Foundation of the POR and the Organisation and Strategy of Cuban Trotskyists, 1940-46 282
6.1.3 The Activity of the POR and Organisational Dissolution, 1946-58 302
6.2 Cuban Trotskyism and the Proletarian Military Policy during Wartime 319
6.3 The Cuban Trotskyists and International Questions 323
6.3.1 Cuban Trotskyists and the Spanish Civil War 323
6.3.2 Cuban Trotskyism in the Fourth International 328
6.4 Relations between Trotskyists and the Official Cuban Communists, 1935-58 338
6.5 Conclusion 344

CHAPTER 7: THE REORGANISED PARTIDO OBRERO REVOLUCIONARIO (TROTSKISTA) AND THE 1959 REVOLUTION 349
7.1 The Organisation and Activity of the POR(T), 1960-65 351
7.1.1 The Formation and Composition of the POR(T) 352
7.1.2 The Activity and Suppression of the POR(T) 356
7.2 The POR(T) and the 1959 Revolution: Theory and Strategy 376
7.3 The View from Abroad: The Cuban POR(T) and the Fourth Internationals 385
7.4 Epilogue: Trotskyism in Cuba after 1965 394
7.5 Conclusion 401

CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSION 403
8.1 The Cuban Trotskyists’ Democratic versus Permanent Revolutionary Strategy 403
8.2 Composition and Organisational Characteristics of Cuban Trotskyism 412
8.3 The Cuban Trotskyists’ Contribution to National Political Life 419

APPENDICES
Appendix A Splits and Fusions in the International Trotskyist Movement, 1923-65 427
Appendix B Map of Cuba 428
Appendix C Trotskyism in Cuba: A Chronology of Events 429
Appendix D Table Showing the Strength of Different Ideologies in the Cuban Trade Union Movement, 1865-1958 435
Appendix E Graph Showing the Number of Trotskyists in Cuba, 1932-65 436
Appendix F List of Known Trotskyists in Cuba 437

BIBLIOGRAPHY 443

 


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